Anti-Valentines Day Quotes and Sayings

Against Valentine's Day Quotes and Sayings Love is on special. Check out you on Valentines Day. Each retailer is capitalizing on the Valentines Day carnival. Kitschy love cards, monstrous teddy bears, and generalized heart-molded inflatables fill the air. The main ones giggling, their way to the banks, are the ones who couldn't care less about the warm inclination called love. They just think about cool, hard, money. Appreciate these enemies of Valentines Day expressions and fake the world on Valentines Day. W. Somerset Maugham, A Writers Notebook Love is just a filthy stunt played on us to accomplish continuation of the species. Jay Leno Today is Valentines Day. Or then again, as men like to call it, coercion day. Josã © Ortega y Gasset We begin to look all starry eyed at when our creative mind ventures nonexistent flawlessness upon someone else. At some point, the dream dissipates and with it, love bites the dust. Love is selectiveness, determination. Bonnie Raitt I cannot make you love me, on the off chance that you dont. J. Geils Band Love smells. Laurell K. Hamilton Love sucks. Now and again it feels better. Now and again its simply one more approach to drain. William Shakespeare The course of genuine romance never ran smooth Mother Teresa There is an awful long for affection. We as a whole encounter that in our lives-the agony, the dejection. We should have the boldness to remember it. Lauren Hammond You, my dear, are an animal of the night, you are a vampire.

Ban On Assault Weapons & High Capacity Magazines Essay Example for Free

Restriction On Assault Weapons High Capacity Magazines Essay What is a high limit magazine precisely? It is any magazine for a self loading weapon that can hold in excess of 10 shots. Pennsylvania voters need stricter laws on firearms, including individual verifications on all buys and bans on attack weapons and high-limit magazines. Democrats controlled both the House and Senate, and the countries crime percentage was a significant concern. The ambush weapons boycott was a piece of a broad wrongdoing charge that included cash to enlist extra police, fabricate new jails and reserve wrongdoing anticipation programs. By 3 to 2 edges, individuals favor an across the country prohibition on ambush weapons (60 percent to 37 percent) and a restriction on the offer of ammo magazines that hold in excess of 10 shots (59 to 39 percent). Yet, when the main attack weapons boycott was affirmed banning 19 explicit weapons it was an altogether different time. By and by, I’m for weapons. I don't figure they should boycott attack weapons and high limit magazines. That’s not reasonable for the genuine weapon darlings out there. In addition the entirety of the trackers that may require a high limit magazine or an attack rifle. I for one imagine that this law won’t pass all over the place, particularly in Alaska. Individuals need to figure out how to utilize a firearm before they lay their hands on one. That’s the main issue. I likewise think you have to enroll your weapon in your name when you get it. I for one think on the off chance that somebody has a terrible record or a course of events of awful deeds, at that point they shouldn’t own a weapon. Basic as that. Prohibiting ambush weapons and high limit magazines can have its ups utilizing it for chasing or simply shooting however it likewise has its downs executing individuals, or harming somebody, yet I’m for firearms. So I think this law doesn’t should be made. One needs to enroll it and ensure you don’t have an awful record, and expertise to utilize a weapon. That’s the law I figure they should make.

How to Write a Nursing Case Study Report

How to Write a Nursing Case Study Report How to Write a Case Study in Nursing Do you need help with your reflective case study in nursing? Are you wondering what sections you should include into your forensic nursing case study? Nursing school can be a real challenge with difficult classes such as pharmacology and anatomy, a large amount of reading, and daunting written assignments. Nursing students are often assigned to write case study reports and nursing care plans as a part of their professional training. If you are struggling with your nursing papers and need advice on how to write a nursing case study report, read our easy writing guide. A nursing case study should present an in-depth analysis of a real life incident or a specific situation. It is a practical way to illustrate theory and content using a real or simulated life situation or even both. In other words, it’s a nursing care plan written in a form of a formal essay. That’s why you should write it using the nursing process as a method to organize your thoughts. When writing this paper, you should keep in mind 5 steps of a nursing process: Make an assessment of the patient Make a list of nursing diagnoses of the patient Define goals of care and specify nursing interventions Describe how you will start the care plan Specify how to determine if the goals of the nursing care plan and the outcomes have been met A well-written case study report in nursing requires good planning and consideration. In the planning stage, you should determine a focus and format of your case study and write some objectives or outcomes that show what can be learned from this report. A nursing case study report usually contains several sections that can be organized into three categories: The patient status The nursing assessment of the patient Current care plan and possible recommendations The patient status The patient status section should provide information about demographic data (age, race), medical history, and current diagnosis and treatment. You can describe the patient’s family and social history and explain the reasons why he/she sought medical attention and what the subsequent diagnosis was. Then, you should discuss the disease process and define causes, describe symptoms and observations, and explain how the current treatment can affect the nursing care. The nursing assessment When discussing the patient’s nursing assessment, you should describe nursing diagnoses. You should describe vital signs and test results and provide information on nursing observations. You should be specific and explain why you identified a particular diagnosis. These nursing diagnoses will help you determine the nursing care plan. The current care plan and your recommendations for improvement In this section, you should describe details of the nursing care plan, including the measurable goals and interventions. You should explain how the nursing care plan can improve the patient’s quality of life. You should also evaluate the current care plan and provide your recommendations on how it can be improved. You recommendations should be based on the patient’s diagnosis, its current status, and prognosis. You should support your recommendations with relevant authoritative sources and cite them using the proper style according to the style guidelines. Here you should take into account your instructor’s requirements. When you finish writing your nursing case study report, you should proofread it, check punctuation, and fix grammar and spelling errors. You should add references list if there are any. Why Would You Need Case Study Books for Nursing? Everybody knows that there is a gap between the content knowledge and practical skills that allow to apply it clinically. A good option is to read nursing case studies written by experienced nurse educators who understand how complex the nursing practice is and how challenging the learning process is. These books provide students with possible nursing scenarios that are common in different practical settings. A case study for a nursing care plan is a written record that you can use as a guide to caring for patients that you can follow in your nursing practice. A well-written case study for nursing will guide in what to expect as a prognosis, what questions to ask, how to care for the patient, and more. All cases are usually presented in a truly realistic manner and can help students understand the realities of modern nursing practice. Nursing case studies promote critical thinking and can be also used for group discussions. Writing a nursing case study is a challenging task because it requires strong analytical and clinical reasoning skills that are crucial for making clinical judgments that every nurse has to make on a daily basis. If you feel that you lack knowledge and cannot cope with your written assignment in nursing on your own, you can hire a professional writer on our custom paper writing service. Our writers have necessary skills and experience to provide you with perfect model nursing case study reports that will help you get high grades.

Celebrities and Privacy - 1609 Words

Scope People in the public eye consists of politicians, athletes, celebrities and other individuals who are famous. For our presentation we will be concentrating on celebrities and whether they should expect their privacy to be respected by the media. Media comes in various forms, with the more common ones being newspapers, tabloids, radio, paparazzi, internet, social media and many more. A conflict of rights? Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights stated that every person has the â€Å"right to respect for his private and family life. His home and his correspondence†. However, it contradicts with Article 10 of the same Act that states that everyone has the right to freedom of expression. The exercise of these freedoms†¦show more content†¦If a use of a public figure’s photo is use in a commercial, the advertisers ought to ensure it respects the person’s publicity and privacy rights before publishing it (publicdomainsherpa.com, 2008). Nobody will be happy if their privacy is intruded by force, and invasion of privacy will have high chances of causing fatal consequences, as seen in the famous case of Princess Diana’s death. Living as a public figure has violated her privacy (Woiceshyn, 1999). She wanted to get rid of the media because she wanted her own privacy with her loved ones, and the paparazzi tried to take a pho to of her with Dodi Fayed and chased her car down in the Paris tunnel that leads to the deadly crash (Woicheshyn, 1999). It is the unethical deeds of the media that cause the death of one of the most loved and respected public figure. According to Westwood (2010), celebrities do deserve some level of privacy, but they should not take advantage of this right to manipulate how the media portray them. Instead of detailing about the celebrities’ negative habits and unpleasant photos, the media ought to report on their positive side to alleviate the stress of the celebrities from being followed so often. Ethics against celebrity privacy Many arguments have surfaced around the issue ofShow MoreRelatedCelebrities’ Rights to Privacy674 Words   |  3 PagesUnfortunately, the personalities and affairs of celebrities are viewed as inherently public. Paparazzi argue that the nature of celebrities’ jobs is construed as waiving their rights to privacy. However, this waiver should be regarded as a limited waiver, restricting the press to examine and exposing only that information that has some bearing on the individual’s position in society. The constant exposure that celebrities receive tends to make celebrities more physiologically tolerant of the press behaviorRead MoreCelebrities Deserve Privacy 546 Words   |  2 PagesPeople were not exposed to barrage of news about celebrities a couple of decades ago. Mass media is becoming more garden because of rapid progress on technology day by day. Thereby, people are substantially interested in the private life of celebriti es, and some of them are obsessed with celebrities. They desire to know everything about them. For instance, who is dating with whom, where they are shopping, or what they wear. In a word public have an endless hunger for more information. However, theRead MoreDo Celebrities Deserve any Privacy?550 Words   |  2 PagesDo celebrities deserve any privacy? Nowadays, people in any part of the world are now able to know what is happening everywhere through the media. In nearly all kinds of media, a great deal of attention is paid to the personal lives of celebrities that are much admired or are usually the center of attraction for the general public. It seems that the public have an endless hunger for this kind of news. However, there should be laws established to protect famous people from being constantly houndedRead MoreShould Celebrities Have Their Right to Privacy?1557 Words   |  7 PagesShould celebrities have their right to privacy? Before newspapers, television, and the inte rnet, ordinary people were not exposed to endless stories about celebrities. Today however, we are bombarded with information about who is dating whom, where they eat, and what they wear from magazines such as People, Entertainment Weekly, and Star. Also, most ordinary people respect the rights of others to a private life. However, some people are just obsessed to get information out of celebrities. They wantRead MoreCelebrities Should Have More Privacy Rights1037 Words   |  5 PagesSpeech Outline Topic: Celebrities Should Have More Privacy Rights General Purpose: To Persuade Specific Purpose: To persuade to my audience that celebrities should have more privacy rights. Thesis: Celebrities are human beings, and deserve the right to live their personal life privately like any other average human being. Introduction A.) Attention Getter: Let s be honest; Most of us can be a little addicted to social media, gossip and juicy details about what celebrities do in their daily livesRead MoreCelebrity Cyberbullying, The Lack Of Privacy And Impulsive Paparazzi2189 Words   |  9 Pagesthat celebrities are human beings? Even though they appear in movies and music videos they aren’t that much different from you and I. Have you ever wondered why some celebs go insane? They are susceptible to emotional turmoil and will react to negativity the same way you and I would. If they possess an entitlement complex their reaction may be even worse. They may actually come off as possessed. In a quote from Keystone College student Meg N. Fry: â€Å"Celebrities aren t bulletproof. Celebrities areRead MoreEssay about Paparazzi: How Far is Too Far?1607 Words   |  7 Pageswho pursues celebrities to get photographs of them.† (Definition of paparazzo, 2011) The name originated from the last name of a pho tographer in the 1960 film La Dolce Vita. (Green) Yet the meaning from the word paparazzo denotes a stronger meaning than just a freelance photographer. The paparazzi are notorious for their persistent and annoying personalities who will go through any measure to get the shot that they wish for. The main targets of the paparazzi are the celebrities who enchantRead MoreThe Invasion Of Privacy And Privacy1399 Words   |  6 PagesCelebrities; They Have A Right To Their Privacy Too   Ã‚  Ã‚   Invasion of privacy occurs way too often in society. How would you feel if you had your personal photos hacked, and then reposted onto the internet, what if they were your nude photos? What about your medical records, would you like to have your records stolen and then announced for the whole world to know? Many groups have their privacies hacked, stolen, abused, or even shared through other means of social media.   Look at one particular groupRead MorePublic Figures And Their Privacy1582 Words   |  7 Pagesfigures and their Privacy. Everyone dreams of earning fame and fortune. People who are popular by virtue of their professions, whether it is acting, sports or politics, try their best to earn the admiration and respect of the public. This is because a huge fan base following can always use their advantage irrespective of whether you are an actor or a politician. However, this fame and fan following comes at a price: the loss of their privacy. Shakelford defined privacy as, â€Å"Privacy is a vast conceptRead MorePublic Figures and Private Lives838 Words   |  4 PagesEveryone wants to be a celebrity. They want to be a famous actor, singer, etc. However, the real idea people need to be thinking about is, are you willing to give up your privacy and freedom? Once one becomes known to the public so does their entire life, whether one likes it or not. Take a look at Britney Spears; there is nothing about her life that is not public. Should this be a bad thing? Or should these public figure have their privacy? I think not. These celebrities came into the public eye

Showcase Cinemas Summer Reading Program for Kids

The Showcase Cinemas summer reading program (formerly National Amusements) gives kids free movie tickets to see a free summer movie each week for each book they read and fill out a book report over. The Showcase Cinemas summer reading program for 2018 is called Bookworm Wednesdays. Looking for more summer reading programs that will score your kids some freebies? Check out my list of the best summer reading program freebies. How to See Free Movies From the Showcase Cinemas Summer Reading Program Visit Showcase Cinemas Bookworm Wednesdays and click on Download the Book Report to open a PDF file of the book report form. Print out the book report and fill out the title of the book you read, the author, a description of the book, and the childs name. Bring the completed book report into a participating Showcase Cinemas movie theater each Wednesday from July 11, 2018, to August 1, 2018, for the 9:00 or 10:00 a.m. movie to get free admission. Free Movies Available From the Showcase Cinemas Summer Reading Program The Showcase Cinemas summer reading program gives out free movie tickets to a select kids movies that play every Wednesday morning at 9:00 or 10:00 a.m. (depending on your theater location) beginning on July 11 until August 1. This means that your kid can see 4 free movies this summer! Heres the schedule for the free Showcase Cinemas kids movies: July 11: FerdinandJuly 18: TrollsJuly 25: Kung Fu Panda 3August 1: Captain Underpants Limits to Be Aware Of The Showcase Cinemas summer reading program is available only at participating Showcase Cinemas locations. Parents who take their kid for the free movie get free admission as do children 6 years and younger without submitting a book report.

My Zombie Apocalypse Free Essays

My Zombie  Apocalypse- Written from the view of me in a zombie attack Back of book- When you wake up in the morning you expect it to be sunny and happy and normal like always. But it  wasn’t  like that for me not today, not this morning. It was dark darker than i had ever seen it. We will write a custom essay sample on My Zombie Apocalypse or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was like the sun had gone out. Usually if you get up early enough you can see normal people running, trying to get in shape. But what was running past my house was not normal, not even close to normal. You watch movies about zombies thinking how funny and stupid they are and thinking that it would be so cool to have a zombie  apocalypse  happen that there would be no school, nothing to do. But let me tell you from experience, it is not as cool as it sounds. Summary: Chapter 1- I woke up with a start my heart racing. The dream slowly left my mind, too quick for me to see what it was about. After laying there for about a minute I sat up slowly and stretched my arms over my head  until  I heard a giant pop. Satisfied I rubbed the crust from my eyes and yawned a giant O. I threw off the covers and kicked my legs off to the side of the bed. I felt my toes run through the white carpet, smiling at how soft it was. I padded lightly through the hallway opening the door. I glanced at the clock on the wall; the time read 5:30 am. I did a double take 5:30?! It’s a Saturday! I was walking back to my room but stopped to look out the window in my living room. It was still a dark hue of black outside(delete) and a misty fog rolled around outside. It was so thick I  couldn’t  see the houses across the street. The light post on the median that was in the middle of the street shined brightly, helping me see better. As I looked  closely  at the fog a shadowy figure ran out of the fog towards my house. My heart was pounding inside my chest. As I slowly backed away from the window, the figure stopped and turned its head and looked directly into my eyes. Its red eyes bore into my soul and it opened its mouth and screamed. I covered my ears as the painful sound ripped through my eardrums. It sprinted towards my house. Then as it reached the window of my front door, it  pressed  its face against the lass while its breath fogged up the window. It backed away then took a running leap and crashed through the window. At that  exact  moment I closed my eyes my life flashing before my eyes, and then the world went black. Chapter 2- I could smell smoke, but where was it coming from? Had mom burnt the toast again? I smiled and was about to get up and laugh at how my mother  couldn’tà ‚  cook anything I froze halfway in my smile. It all came back to me the fog the scream and that thing whatever it was. I jumped up as quick as if someone had shocked me. I swayed and fell and I was about to hit the ground when a strong pair of hands caught me. A deep  grumble like  voice  whispered  in my ear, â€Å"Hey I  gotcha. † I recoiled  automatically  from the strange voice and the hands that gripped me. I stumbled away and turned around to look at this stranger. I felt my eyes pop out and my jaw drop like a fish out of water gasping for air. He smirked at me as if he usually got that kind of reaction at first sight. He was hot! He had dark black/blue hair that swayed to one side and curled up in the end. It was wavy and went down to the collar of his shirt. Then I looked at his eyes, oh how beautiful his eyes were, a rich green that was bright as grass in the summertime and  peaceful  as the trees that filtered sunlight through them. Stubble covered his face as if he  hadn’t  shaved for a week. His teeth were white of course and perfectly strait, â€Å"of course†. He was tall and lean and muscled like a runner. He wore a black leather jacket and a  David  Bowie t-shirt. He also was wearing dark black jeans and black and white converse. The stranger looked to be about 19. He laughed which shook me out of my trance and he asked me, â€Å"So are you done with your evaluation yet? † I blushed and looked away, mumbling something about how I  wasn’t  looking at him. He stuck out his hand and said, â€Å"Hey I’m Drew†. I stuck out my hand as well and i replied, â€Å"Hey,(I think itd be better if it just said â€Å"I’m Teddi) I’m Teddi†. He  grinned  at me and said, â€Å"Well  that’s  a name you  don’t  hear every day! † I shook my head at him, â€Å"I know right, it’s just that my parents are big history freaks! † The comment brought the thought of my parents into my head. â€Å"Wait what happened? How did I get here? † A sad look came into his eyes, â€Å"Teddi I’m sorry but your family  didn’t  make it. † Tears sprang to my eyes as I thought about them I sobbed and sank to a heap on the ground. Tears ran down my face, â€Å"I will (I’ll) never get to see them again, I  didn’t  even get to say goodbye. † My hands covered my face as I said this then footsteps came up behind me and he squatted down next to me, â€Å"Teddi don’t be sad, they are happy now and they aren’t in any pain. † I looked at him and said, â€Å"You think so? † He smiled, â€Å"I know so†. â€Å"Oh wait I have a little surprise for you†. He said. Drew brought his fingers to his lips and whistled. A small thing came running like the speed of light towards me. â€Å"Mia! † I yelled. The brown little Chihuahua jumped on me and licked my face. I laugh bubbled on my lips. â€Å"Mia you little weirdo, how did you survive? † Drew laughed along with me, â€Å"I haven’t a clue, but here’s what happened while you were  unconscious. † I was running in the neighborhood that morning and I was passing your house and I saw the windows broken, I unlocked the door and pulled out my knife (which he added on a side note that he always runs with) and I walked in. Drew stopped at this moment and grimaced. He continued, â€Å"And there was blood everywhere and I saw your family or what  pieces  were left of them scattered on the ground. I sharply inhaled my breath, tears coming to my eyes again, I said, â€Å"I’m okay, just keep on going†. He smiled at me  sympathetically, â€Å"Okay and then I found you on the ground with your dog right next to you, I saw that you were breathing and I took you to my house. I don’t know why but for some reason you  weren’t  touched at all. As I was walking out the door something followed me. I turned around and I  couldn’t  believe  my eyes. † I  hastily  exclaimed, â€Å"What, was it! † Drew replied, â€Å"A zombie†. I laughed and said â€Å"you have got to be kidding me a zombie? † He frowned and said, â€Å"I knew you  wouldn’t  believe me so I brought proof. † That brought me up short, â€Å"Proof? † I swallowed  uneasily  and followed him. He took me too a room and inside I could smell something rotten and dead. I coughed and gagged, as I walked into the room I  couldn’t  believe what I saw. It looked human but its flesh was rotten and its head was decapitated. He said, â€Å"I told you so†. I said uneasily,† What is going on here? † He looked at me, â€Å"Teddi, I think we’re in a zombie  apocalypse†. (ok tht was really good. There are a few changes that ive put in the story I left the original thing there and put the change in parentheses. Also I think the word â€Å"said† is used a little to much you mite want to change sone of them to a synonym of said. Otherwise the book was awesome. ) My family Apocalypse written from the view of a zombie How to cite My Zombie Apocalypse, Papers

Nike Ads Essay Example For Students

Nike Ads Essay While I was flipping through the pages of Maxim magazine looking at thegorgeous women and laughing at the funny captions, I stumbled upon anadvertisement that made me laugh out loud. It is a series of four pages, twofacing each other, and then two more layed out in the same way. The first set oftwo pages has a hot dog on the left page and the Nike Air Flight Posite on thenext. Its not fancy, nor does it have beautiful women on it, it just says inbold white print, Made of many hard to define things. I kind of chuckledat this, not quite laughing out loud yet. What made me laugh out loud was whatwas on the next two pages in the magazine. On the left hand page there is a blowup doll still wrapped in the plastic it was purchased in, and on the right isthe Nike air tuned max. In bold white letters across both of them it says,Air is what makes it good. I nearly fell of my chair I was laughing sohard. Even though this ad is very simple, it is very complicated. It is locatedin the very front of the magazine. This is important because it sets the moodfor the whole magazine. This ad is very funny, so when the reader sees it, he isin a good mood for the rest of the pages. Maxim magazine is directed primarilytowards men, ages 17 to about 30. This ad is obviously directed towards that ageand sex group. The hot dog appeals to the younger generation because recentlythe Food and Drug Administration has been doing many studies about food. Withthe new way of thinking and as many health regimes as television stations on asatellite dish, people want to know whats in their food. Nobody knowswhats in hot dogs. Im sure the F. D.A. did a study on whats in hot dogs,but does anyone really want to know? By the same token, the Nike shoe picturedon the right side of the page is made of many hard to define things, but if itworks well, or in the hot dogs case, tastes good, then who cares? The shoepictured in the right of the first page is very futuristic looking as well. Noone over the age of 25 would buy a shoe that looks like this. On the top of theshoe, there is a solid black fabric that stretches almost to the toe. It lookslike there is Velcro where the laces should be as well. Under the black fabric,there is a gold plastic piece that flows in and out of the black fabric. Towardsthe back of the bottom of the shoe, there is a clear plastic air bubble thatacts as a support for playing basketball, or other sports. So there is no waythat anyone under the age of 25 would buy this shoe. There is a space-age lookto the flight posite shoe. This is why its hard to define whats in it likea hot dog. The space shuttle is made of many hard to define things as well. Weare always hearing about new, space-age material I think that is thesecond point the advertisers are trying to get across. The second set of twopages is by far the funniest advertisement Ive ever seen. It appeals to theyounger generation of men because these men all know what blow up doll is. Ifyou showed this ad to a man in his late 50s he wouldnt find it funny, andprobably think it was disgraceful that magazines have fell to the level ofpornography. .u9f596f99193446aead18cdf4e891e62d , .u9f596f99193446aead18cdf4e891e62d .postImageUrl , .u9f596f99193446aead18cdf4e891e62d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9f596f99193446aead18cdf4e891e62d , .u9f596f99193446aead18cdf4e891e62d:hover , .u9f596f99193446aead18cdf4e891e62d:visited , .u9f596f99193446aead18cdf4e891e62d:active { border:0!important; } .u9f596f99193446aead18cdf4e891e62d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9f596f99193446aead18cdf4e891e62d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9f596f99193446aead18cdf4e891e62d:active , .u9f596f99193446aead18cdf4e891e62d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9f596f99193446aead18cdf4e891e62d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9f596f99193446aead18cdf4e891e62d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9f596f99193446aead18cdf4e891e62d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9f596f99193446aead18cdf4e891e62d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9f596f99193446aead18cdf4e891e62d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9f596f99193446aead18cdf4e891e62d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9f596f99193446aead18cdf4e891e62d .u9f596f99193446aead18cdf4e891e62d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9f596f99193446aead18cdf4e891e62d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Bchs football Essay The man in his 20s however, would think it is hilarious. Onceagain the shoe pictured next to the blow up doll is futuristic looking. Not tothe degree the previous shoe was, but the Nike Air Tuned Max is definitely notan average shoe. Its colors are gold and blue, and the patterns on the shoe arevery streamlined, they flow to the back of the shoe. It looks like if you wereto run in these shoes you would be faster. At the bottom of the shoe there aremany air pockets that are in a yellow plastic. This is what the ad is referringto by saying, Air is what makes it good. The main thing that makes theseadvertisements work is humor. There is a little touch of sex appeal with theblow up doll, but it is not the main concentration. The main theme is simplicityand humor. The only things in the advertisement are a shoe, large white words,and an object. The way in which they are set up is the important part, thatswhat makes the ad so funny. The other important thing is Maxim magazinestarget audience. If this ad was in any womans magazine, or a country homeand garden kind of magazine, it would do horribly and a lawsuit aboutwomens rights might ensue. All in all, this ad works because its funny,simple, easy to understand, and is directed towards the right target audience.

Their Eyes Were Watching God Essays (1302 words) -

Their Eyes Were Watching God In Their Eyes Were Watching God, Janie battles to find Individualism within herself. Janie, all her life, had been pushed around and told what to do and how to live her life. She searched and searched high and low to find a peace that makes her whole and makes her feel like a complete person. To make her feel like she is in fact an individual and that she's not like everyone else around her. During the time of ?Their Eyes', the correct way to treat women was to show them who was in charge and who was inferior. Men were looked to as the superior being, the one who women were supposed to look up to and serve. Especially in the fact that Janie was an African American women during these oppressed times. Throughout this book, it looks as though Janie makes many mistakes in trying to find who she really is, and achieving the respect that she deserves. Living with her Grandmother and theWashburns', Janie was surrounded and raised with white children. She always believed that she was white herself, and that she was no different than anybody else. As she was growing up, she was told what to do and how to live by her grandmother. Janie's grandmother planned her life out for her. She told her that she must get married right away. "Yeah, Janie, youse got yo' womanhood on yuh. So Ah mout ez well tell yuh whut Ah been savin' up for uh spell. Ah wants to see you married right away." Janie's grandmother did want what was best for Janie, but she basically told her what to do instead of letting her know what she wanted for her. Janie's grandmother told her exactly who she was going to marry and who she wasn't even to think about. "Whut Ah seen just now is plenty for me, honey, Ah don't want no trashy negro, no breath-and-britches, lak Johnny Taylor usin' yo' body to wipe his foots on. Brother Logan Killicks, he's a good man.......You answer me when Ah speak. Don't you set dere poutin' wid me after all Ah done went through for you!" She is basically telling Janie that she can't marry Johnny Taylor, the one she is exploring her womanhood with, the one she wants, and that she must marry Logan, for protection. Towards the end of the book, Janie resents her grandmother for "living" her life for her and planning her future. To find out what will happen in a persons future, they need to live their life on their own and not have it planned for them. They can't be told how to live there lives in order to succeed. To succeed, we need to learn from our own mistakes, and live with the weight of our decisions. This is exactly what Janie did in her marriage to Logan. She did as she was told, or rather, expected to do. Janie didn't want to marry Logan, but if it made her grandmother happy, then by all means, why not give it a shot. If it meant that she'd be secure. In her marriage to Logan, she found out that that's not what she wanted. Janie wanted love, happieness, comfort and enjoyment. She didn't want her first marriage to be like a prison sentence. "Did marriage end the cosmic loneliness of the unmated, did it compel love like the sun the day?" This is asking if marriage made love for Janie as the sun makes the day for the world. Is the basis of love marriage...just as the basis for day is the sun. To Janie, this was not true. She did not feel as though she loved Logan, and that's all she really wanted. She didn't want to be treated as the rest of the world was treated. She wanted to be treated as an individual and not as a slave. She was a slave to marriage. She didn't want to be there, where there was no warmth. Joe Starks stole Janie away from Logan. He saved her from the boringness of their dull marriage. He woed her with his words of kindness. He promised her happieness. "De day you puts yo' hand in mine, Ah wouldn't let de sun go down on us single. You ain't never knowed what it was to be treated lak a lady and Ah wants to be de one tuh show yuh." He wanted her to feel special, and be treated

Filtration Definition and Processes (Chemistry)

Filtration Definition and Processes (Chemistry) Filtration is a process used to separate solids from liquids or gases using a filter medium that allows the fluid to pass through but not the solid. The term filtration applies whether the filter is mechanical, biological, or physical. The fluid that passes through the filter is called the filtrate. The filter medium may be a surface filter, which is a solid that traps solid particles, or a depth filter, which is a bed of material that traps the solid. Filtration is typically an imperfect process. Some fluid remains on the feed side of the filter or embedded in the filter media and some small solid particulates find their way through the filter. As a chemistry and engineering technique, there is always some lost product, whether its the liquid or solid being collected. Examples of Filtration While filtration is an important separation technique in a laboratory, its also common in everyday life. Brewing coffee involves passing hot water through the ground coffee and a filter. The liquid coffee is the filtrate. Steeping tea is much the same, whether you use a tea bag (paper filter) or tea ball (usually, a metal filter).The kidneys are an example of a biological filter. Blood is filtered by the glomerulus. Essential molecules are reabsorbed back into the blood.Air conditioners and many vacuum cleaners use HEPA filters to remove dust and pollen from the air.Many aquariums use filters containing fibers that capture particulates.Belt filters recover precious metals during mining.Water in an aquifer is relatively pure because it has been filtered through sand and permeable rock in the ground. Filtration Methods There are different types of filtration. Which method is used depends largely on whether the solid is a particulate (suspended) or dissolved in the fluid. General Filtration: The most basic form of filtration is using gravity to filter a mixture. The mixture is poured from above onto a filter medium  (e.g., filter paper) and gravity pulls the liquid down. The solid is left on the filter, while the liquid flows below it.Vacuum Filtration: A  Bà ¼chner flask and hose are used to create a vacuum to suck the fluid through the filter (usually with the aid of gravity). This greatly speeds the separation and can be used to dry the solid. A related technique uses a pump to form a pressure difference on both sides of the filter. Pump filters do not need to be vertical because gravity is not the source of the pressure difference on the sides of the filter.Cold Filtration: Cold filtration is used to quickly cool a solution, prompting the formation of small crystals. This is a method used when the solid is initially dissolved. A common method is to place the container with the solution in an ice bath prior to filtration.Hot Filtration: In hot filtration, the solution, filter, and funnel are heated to minimize crystal formation during filtration. Stemless funnels are useful because there is less surface area for crystal growth. This method is used when crystals would clog the funnel or prevent crystallization of the second component in a mixture. Sometimes filter aids are used to improve flow through a filter. Examples of filter aids are silica, diatomaceous earth, perlite, and cellulose. Filter aids may be placed on the filter prior to filtration or mixed with the liquid. The aids can help prevent the filter from clogging and can increase the porosity of the cake or feed into the filter. Filtration vs. Sieving A related separation technique is sieving. Sieving refers to use of a single mesh or perforated layer to retain large particles​ while allowing the passage of smaller ones. In contrast, during filtration, the filter is a lattice or has multiple layers. Fluids follow channels in the medium to pass through a filter. Alternatives to Filtration There are more effective separation methods than filtration for some applications. For example, for very small samples in which its important to collect the filtrate, the filter medium may soak up too much of the fluid. In other cases, too much of the solid can become trapped in the filter medium. Two other processes that can be used to separate solids from fluids are decantation and centrifugation. Centrifugation involves spinning a sample, which forces the heavier solid to the bottom of a container. In decantation, the fluid is siphoned or poured off of the solid after it has fallen out of solution. Decantation can be used following centrifugation or on its own.

Report on Religious Field Research Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Report on Religious Field Research - Term Paper Example (Jungman, 2012) During the first 280 years in Christian history, Christianity was ruled out in the Roman Empire and Christians were heavily persecuted. This arbitrary changed after the â€Å"conversion† of the Roman Emperor Constantine. He allowed Christians to worship and made Christianity legal with the Milan’s Edicit in A.D 313. In A.D 325, Constantine summoned the council of Nicaea in an attempt popularize Christianity. Constantine postulated that Christianity would unite the Roman Empire which at that time was fragmenting gradually. This generated positive results towards the development of Christianity at the time. (Jungman, 2012) However Constantine did not fully accept Christianity, instead he mixed some Roman pagan beliefs which are still intact up to date. The impetuous behind Constantine’s action of blending Christianity and Roman paganism was that Christian was a foreign religion and Romans could not have just left their religion and embrace a foreign one fully. Some of the Christianized beliefs include: (i) Cult of Isis was a mother –goddess from Egyptian religion. It was absorbed and harmonized with Christianity and it was replaced by the Virgin Mary. Many titles that were meant for Isis were attached to Mary, i.e., â€Å"Queen of Heaven†, â€Å"Mother of God†, theotokas (â€Å"God –bearer†) among other adoration names. Mary was given supreme positions as the roles far much ahead than the bible ascribes to her. This was done in order to attract the Isis worshippers to Christianity. Failure to do this, any efforts would lead to frustration. (George, 2009) (ii) Mithraism was a renowned religion in the Roman Empire which was practiced in the 5th century A.D .It was popular among the Roman soldiers sand also the Roman Emperors. Mithraism lacked the â€Å"official â€Å"status in the Roman Empire, it was accepted as the de facto official religion not until the Roman Emperors replaced Mithraism w ith Christianity. The key aspects of Mithraism was sacrificial meal (theophagy, eating ones god), sacraments among other conspicuous features. Constantine and the successors found it easy to substitute Mithraism with the Lords supper /Holy Communion which unfortunately prompted some early Christians to attach mysticism to the lords supper, rejecting the biblical idea of remembrance worship and meditation of Christ’s sacrificial death and the blood He shed. (Charles, 1982) (iii) Henoticism is a distinguishing feature of roman pagan religion. It involves believing in the existence of many gods but focuses primarily on one particular god which is considered to be the most superior god. For instance, Jupiter was the supreme Roman god. The Roman sailors normally worshipped Neptune, which was the god of the oceans. Christianization of Roman paganism involved the replacing of Roman gods with saints just as the Roman chain of gods had a god of love, god of peace, god of war, god of s trength among other gods which were claimed to exist(Charles, 1982.) The â€Å"Papacy† that exists in the hierarchy of Catholic Church is a continuation of what was created by the Roman Emperors,

Ebay and Market Entry Challenges Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ebay and Market Entry Challenges - Essay Example eBay maintains the seller platform much like the United States that is set on fixed auction philosophy, which limits real-time discussion with sellers. GMarket is also more innovative in setting up excitement with buyers and sellers, acting as a middleman for various lottery schemes that provide more incentives (Ihlwan, 2006). eBay attempted to simply export in its market entry strategy, using the same business model that had found success in the United States. In a market where GMarket was an innovator creating incentives-based packages, eBay was having a tough time being the dominant auction and selling site of choice. eBay’s fixed price selling concept was considered unfavorable by Chinese customers used to more direct sales tactics between buyer and seller. The use of mobile technology in China is also limited based on distribution of cellular technology and cultural adoption of this modernized selling format. Therefore, the ability to gain more market share through mobile technology sales was limited or eBay (Chan, 2007). Lack of ability to use mobile sales and marketing in this region limited the brand visibility of eBay with potential target markets and thus made it difficult to establish brand loyalty for eBay. The inability to use technology to improve the competitive position of eBay posed significant expansion problems. Pricing was another reason why eBay found difficulty in Asia, where the fixed price auction format made it appear to buyers and sellers that product listing costs were much higher than competition. The ability of sellers to contact customers and the flexibility of GMarket gives the buyer the ability to instantly reduce prices or add certain incentives, which makes eBay look rigid in pricing structures that is a turnoff to the price-sensitive Chinese buyers. Thus, it should be said that place, product, price and promotion were all negatively impacted by competition and the current sales platform being used by eBay. Simply export ing American talent and technology to this market was a poor market entry strategy since the Chinese online sales environment differed culturally than in the United States. It was a mistake to think that Chinese buyers would maintain the same market characteristics and therefore eBay entered this market without adaptable tools to better fit market conditions and buyer/seller attitudes and brand familiarity with other auction and sales competition. eBay simply did not have any quality tools to differentiate the business from competition other than mobile marketing which is not a common sales practice in the Asian markets. References Chan, Isabelle (2007) â€Å"EBay Has Its Eye on Southeast Asia â€Å", 29 Oct 2007, Business Week. Retrieved August 27, 2012 from http://www.businessweek.com/globalbiz/content/oct2007/gb20071029_295570.htm Ihlwan, Moon (2006) â€Å"Gmarket eclipses eBay in Asia†, 28 June 2006, Business Week. Retrieved August 27, 2012 from http://www.businessweek. com/globalbiz/content/jun2006 /gb20060628_910393.htm?chan=search RUNNING HEADER: Google and Asian Online Censorship Google and Asian Online Censorship BY YOU YOUR SCHOOL INFO HERE DATE HERE Google and Asian Online Censorship In Asia, Google faced many problems with establishing a market presence and gaining consumer revenues associated with its search engine business. In China, the government censors much of

Use of Honey as Medicine in Wound Healing: Analysis

Use of Honey as Medicine in Wound Healing: Analysis The aim of the assignment is to critique the research article, Standardised antibacterial honey (medihoney) with standard therapy in wound care: randomized clinical trial (2009) by Robson, Dodd Thomas. The tool used for this is Step by Step Guide to Critiquing Research by Ryan, Coughlan; Cronin (2007). Critique is an objective, critical, and balanced appraisal of a research reports various dimensions (Polit and Beck, 2004). The study was on the use of honey as medicine in wound healing. The research was done in the United Kingdom by a group of registered nurses and statistical masters. The study was completed in the year 2007 and was published in the Journal of Advanced Nursing (JAN). The study was based on the use of honey for wound dressing as an antibiotic and wound healing agent. Arguably, the article is well written as it is concise and it does not contain any languages that are characterised to any particular group and are grammatically correct. The layout of the study is good and are given in a good order and kept the academic style of writing. Research reports are like stories, a story should be written in a way which catches the attention of the reader, like as research report should have a readable style. The current researches writing style is good, and is well understandable. No personal views are expressed in the study. The writer had omitted personal pronouns to get an ease in the reading. Credibility variables concentrate on how believable the work appears and focus on the researchers qualification and ability to undertake and accurately present the study (Coughlan et al, 2007). The researchers were well qualified for the current study as their qualifications were stated in the article. Mostly nurses are eligible to do this type of study as they know the effect of dressing a wound. Statisticians also have a role in a research as there are so many calculations which were also included in the study. Methodology of a study is based on the credibility of the qualitative data and its subsequent findings (Polit Hunger, 1999) The title of the article gave an idea of the topic that and what the study is related to. The title is accurate and clear, too long or short titles can make the reader confusing (Coughlan et al, 2007). Too long or short titles can be confusing and misleading to the readers (Coughlan et al, 2007). In the study title is concise and is readable and has its reliability, the title is short too. The title is not more than 10- 15 words. Abstract is a brief description or an outline of the entire article. The abstract should give a clear idea about the research and should include information regarding the purpose of the study, method, sample size and selection which is given clearly in the current article(Coughlan et al, 2007), And from the abstract the reader should able to find out the overall idea about the study. They have also pointed out for further research on this topic with some recommendations. The present study has an agreeable abstract which conveys idea about the study which is simple, clear and interesting for the readers. The abstract is not too long and also explains about the method, sample size and the selection method. The abstract gave an over view of the topic. The abstract also opens an end to further researches. The introduction of the study will always be based on the research problem. Research problem is an enquiry which can be done through a disciplinary way (Polit and Beck, 2004). The purpose of a research highlights the overall sketch of main arguments and theory of the relevant research (Polit Hungler, 1999). In the current research the purpose of the study is stated clearly and an overall idea of the study is been included in the introduction of the research. The research problem is identified and clearly stated in the study. The research was carried out in a step by step process. The article has a flow and a have an ease in reading and all the links are clear. Critical summary of a topic which puts the topic or the research problem into a context is called as the literature review (Polit Beck, 2004). Literature review always points out to the previous studies of the current topic. The review should be logical and its critical analysis should be balanced (Cougllan et al, 2007). In the present study the literature review is clearly illustrated and it is logically presented. The literature review offers a critical analysis. The reviews are mostly facts which were proved by proceeds. A good literature review will always have a good introduction (Cougllan et al, 2007), which is followed in this by the writer. Frame work refers to the overall structure of a report which is based on a theory which was previously proved (Polit Hungler, 1999). Hypotheses are from a primary source and of an empirical nature. Theoretical frame work is what which is found confusing by a researcher. A theoretical frame work is been identified in ethics. The theoretical frame work has been clearly stated step by step clearly. A sound theoretical frame work also identifies the various concepts being studied and relationship between those concepts. The theory is true and the hypothesis is relevant for the study. Theoretical frame work tends to be better developing in experimental and quasi-experimental studies and often poorly developed or nonexistent in descriptive studies (Burns Grove, 1999). The purpose of the aims and objectives is to create a link between the initially stated purposes of the study or research problem (Coughlan et al, 2007). Aims and objectives are the observations or measurement that reflects on the physical reality which is interpreted by the individuals, and can be argued that even such observations may be open to subjectivity (Gerrish Lacey 2006). There is an aim for the study which is clearly stated in the abstract, introduction and also in the study. The hypothesis which is a statement or fact which can be tested or verified (Holloway Wheeler, 2002). The research questions and the hypothesis is clearly identified and stated in the study. The hypothesis and the research questions reflect on the literature review. The samples were chose with a great caution so as to minimise the errors. Samples are the selected units from a population, and sampling is the process of selecting appropriate people from a population for the research (Wood Haber, 1994). The samples were chosen randomly from a group and were informed about the research and the procedures and the effect of the current procedure. The sample which was chose for the study was appropriate as they were patients who were having wounds. The size of the sample was also adequate as a small sample will not help in an appropriate conclusion. The size of the sample is also important in quantitative research as small samples are at risk of being overly representative of small groups within the target population. There was no inclusion or exclusion for the study as they chose an appropriate sample with ethical consideration. The risk of sampling errors decrease as larger sample used (Coughlan et al, 2007). Autonomy infers that an individual has the right to freely decide to participate in a research study without fear of coercion and with the full knowledge of what is being investigated. Ethical committee or institutional review boards have to give approval before the research can be undertaken. There role is to determine the principles and to evaluate the validity of the research (Coughlan et al, 2007). There was ethical consideration for the data collection. All the participants of the study were fully informed about the research. All the participants were protected from all type of in case after effect, and were autonomous. Confidentiality of the subjects was censured by the researcher, and ensured the permission from an ethical committee. In a research study the researcher should ensure that the reader should understand what is meant by the terms and concepts which are used in the research. All the operational terms, theories and concepts in the current study has been clearly identified explained and illustrated in the study, and have given proper reference and citations for the rational and the explanations. The organisation, reduction and transformation of the data of a study in order for a review are called as data analysis (Holloway Wheeler, 2002). The methodology or the research design was clearly given to review the study. One of the main instruments in a study is methodology. The data gathering instruments of the methodology is cited in the study. The instrument used is appropriate as they could clearly get many results out of it. In the study 109 subjects participated in the research. The system of analysing the facts with the collected data from the research is called as data analysis (Polit Beck, 2004). Data analysis in quantitative research studies is often seen as a process which loses courage (Coughlan et al, 2007). Most of the data analysis is associated with complex language and statistical notations. The researcher should clearly identify what statistical tests were undertaken why these test was used and what were the results, which have been stated in the current article. In the current study analyse of the data is done in a better way. The strength and limitations of the study is also included in the study to revel the validity and reliability of the study. The discussion of a study should flow logically from the data and should be related to the literature review thus placing the study in context (Russell, 2002). In the discussion part of the research is linked back to the literature review. The discussion part contains the strength and limitations of the study which is referred to the previous study that are made on the same subjects. All the limitations are also generalizability discussed. The research also extends an open end for further research on different aspects of his study; other recommendations are also given to the current study. When doing a research or a research critique it is essential to quote the source of the information obtained, that should be included as in text or end text reference. In a research study the significance of the findings should be stated but these should be conceder within the overall strengths and limitations of the study (Polit Beck, 2006). The reference should help the writer to find the source as quickly as possible (Pears Shields). The copy of others idea is conceder as plagiarism which is serious offence. For the current study the researcher has used the Harvard referring system. The researcher has referred many books and research articles for his study and all the references have been quoted as in text and end text references. All the books referred for the study are appropriate as they are related to the subject or to the research vocabularies. The researcher was very much cautious about the plagiarism. Evaluating the research article with the critiquing tool by Michael Coughlan and team members it was found that the study is arguable with credibility and reliability. The writers have carefully used the strategies in doing a research. The research is readable and understanding by lay men. Holistic Nurse Prescribing: A Case Study Holistic Nurse Prescribing: A Case Study Introduction 1 the patient and their presenting symptoms. Mr Pickles presents an interesting, complex and therapeutically challenging problem. In essence he is a gentleman with multisystem pathology who presents with an almost incidental finding which he was clearly reluctant to discuss. It is a common finding amongst experienced healthcare professionals that in any consultation it is the last 30 seconds which is the most important. As the patient stands up to go, there is the just while Im here moment when they can bring up an issue that really troubles them and may not be the real presented reason for the consultation. In this essay we shall discuss the various aspects of this situation and the measures we can take to try to help him. (Parker and Lawton 2003) 2.a holistic assessment of the pt, including any relevant medical social and psychological issues. If we start with the initial presenting symptom under discussion the impotence it is easier to work backwards from that to discuss the possible pathophysiology that can be relevant. Impotence is said to occur whenever the male fails to get an erection when it is required. This, in itself is neither unusual nor necessarily pathological. It becomes a significant symptom when the male repeatedly fails to get an erection that is sufficient for intercourse. It is quite possible to get full spontaneous erections and yet still be impotent. This is one of the major diagnostic features that distinguishes the psychogenic impotence from the purely physical. (Ackerman MD, Carey MP. 1995) There are a number of obvious physical causes of erectile dysfunction that are relevant to Mr Pickles (see on), but equally there are a number of possible psychogenic causes that may be either primary factors or possibly secondary contributory factors in the aetiology of his problems. The fact that he has recently undergone major cardiac surgery is a very relevant factor. Patients will frequently suffer from a major change in body perception when they have come to a close realisation of their own mortality. If we add to this the fact that, as the major breadwinner in the family, it is likely that Mr Pickles would have felt a major blow to his self-esteem when he was made redundant from a responsible high esteem job and forced to become a taxi driver with long working hours. This is quite apart from the anxiety and fatigue that such a job would engender.(Beck J. 1995) It is possible that the medication that Mr Pickles is taking may have a bearing on his erectile dysfunction as the male erection is dependent on the hydrostatic pressure of the blood for its maintenance. Any medication that reduces the average blood pressure, will effectively reduce the capacity to acquire and maintain an erection. In addition to this the adrenergic beta-blocker group will also selectively block the sympathetic pathways that are vital to the neurovascular control of the mechanisms of erection. Pathophysiology of diabetes and impotence Both of these topics are huge subjects, so in this essay we will restrict out considerations to those aspects which are relevant to Mr Pickles and his problems. We know that Diabetes Mellitus affects about 2% of the UK population with a specifically higher incidence in both the Asian and Afro-Caribbean communities(Nathan 1998). There is also a marked genetic component in the development of Diabetes Mellitus. Mr Pickles has Type II diabetes mellitus which is associated with a number of factors including a high BMI and increasing age. At 56 yrs. old he is currently at the peak incidence age for Type II diabetes mellitus (Gregg et al. 2003). Diabetes Mellitus is known to be associated with a number of complications. The prevalence and incidence of the complications, in general, tends to increase with the length of time that the patient has been diabetic. There is also an independent variable for complications that is directly proportional to the degree of control (as measured by the HbA1 levels). In general terms, the better the control the lower the incidence of complications (Kissebah et al. 1999) As far as Mr Pickles is concerned, there are two major complications of Type II diabetes mellitus that are directly linked with impotence and they are cardio-(macro)vascular disease and neuropathy. (Wagner et al. 1998) We can deduce that Mr Pickles has macrovascular disease by virtue of the fact that he his recovering from a CABG. And this may well be a very relevant factor in his erectile dysfunction but also there is the question of neuropathy which typically occurs in about 2.4% of the general population, but this figure rises to above 8% in the diabetic patient over the age of 60 yrs. ( Hughes 2002) Impotence tends to occur, in varying degrees, in about 10-15% of men under 40 yrs. Its incidence increases with age to the extent that 40% of men at the age of 40 yrs report a degree of impotence and this prevalence rises to 70% at the age of 70 yrs. (Gregoire 1999). If we add to this basic clinical picture the fact that there are other factors such as hypertension, smoking, cardiac neurosis, loss of self-confidence, depression and iatrogenic causes (medication etc.) all of which may well be relevant to Mr Pickles, then it can be seen that there are a plethora of potential causes of his erectile dysfunction. (Barnes, DE. 2004) Both of the first two causes (hypertension and smoking) are independent risk factors for impotence, quite apart for the fact that they are also risk factors for the development of the macrovascular complications of Diabetes Mellitus (Bowering 2001) Mr Pickles diabetic state has been recently well controlled (HbA1 of 6.5%). This is important as the incidence of development of diabetic complications is reduced by between 34-76% (depending on the particular study) for every 10% reduction in the average HbA1 reading. (Bowering 2001). In addition to all of these considerations, atherosclerosis is also a major complication of Type II diabetes mellitus, which, presumably is relevant to Mr Pickles because of his CABG, and this may be a major factor in the development of his erectile dysfunction. Management plan 3.a plan/strategy based on critical understanding of physiological and pharmaceutical issues. Any management plan must firstly be based on an accurate diagnosis. At this point in time we do not have this luxury. As we have discussed, there are anyone of a huge number of possibilities in the aetiology of Mr Pickles erectile dysfunction problem. When confronted with a problem such as this, any experienced healthcare professional may reasonably chose to manage the problem by making a rational judgement of the probabilities of any one particular cause being relevant. Implicit in such a management strategy is the fact that there are some causes that my be correctable (iatrogenic, psychological, and life style related) and there are some that may not (macrovascular damage, neuropathy and atherosclerosis). It is reasonable, in such circumstances, to discuss the situation openly with Mr Pickles and discuss with him the various treatment options. Patient empowerment and education is a vital strategy to adopt in circumstances such as this as Mr Pickles is far more likely to comply and respond if he understands the rationale behind the treatment plan.(Howe and Anderson 2003) We would suggest that an appropriate strategy would be to initially tackle the situation on two fronts. The psychological aspects of the erectile dysfunction are probably best discussed with an experienced psychologist or councillor who has expertise in this particular area. This is important because there is a considerable skill in eliciting the relevant factors from the patient. Many patients are reticent about talking openly about their imitate sexual details and there has to be a careful build up of trust and empathy on both sides. Factors such as good eye contact and a non-judgemental body stance are essential on the part of the healthcare professional if the optimal result is to be obtained Not only can the issues that are relevant be explored, but also any one of a number of psychological treatment techniques can be employed. This is a matter of considerable clinical judgement and skill and therefore probably best done by an experienced healthcare professional in that area. The pharmaceutical area can also be addressed as Atenolol is clearly not the best anti hypertensive to use as, not only will it reduce the blood pressure (which it clearly is important to do) but it also produces a counter productive beta-blockade which will not help the erectile dysfunction problem. The difficulty is that, after the CABG, Atenolol does have a degree of action on the suppression of ectopic electrophysiological foci in the myocardium which is a recognised complication of the procedure. It also is thought to have a cardioprotective effect post-myocardial infarction. It is probably a good idea to change his anti-hypertensive medication, but in the circumstances, it is probably better to seek the advice of the surgical team who performed the CABG. before making the transition. The question of Viagra has been raised by Mr Pickles. This is not as straight forward as it might initially appear. Viagra has been shown to work well in these circumstances. It has the downside that it allows sexual intercourse which is associated with increased peaks of blood pressure. As Mr Pickles is still in the postoperative recovery phase (16 weeks) it would again be sensible to consult with the surgical team as to their advice on the issue. The other problem with Viagra is that if it transpires that the long term aetiology is actually psychological rather than purely physical, then the prescription of Viagra will often breed a feeling of psychological dependence which may firstly be both inappropriate and unnecessary and secondly, very hard to break. It is probably therefore inappropriate to consider such options at this stage in the management. 4.legal and professional accountability should be discussed. The legal and professional issues are largely covered in the making of a management plan. In any area of professional competence, the best defence against criticism or censure, is the fact that a healthcare professional works from a rational evidence-based plan. It is for this reason that we have set out the rational and reasoning for the plan that we have chosen to adopt. It is actually quite permissible (legally) for a healthcare professional to be wrong on any given issue, as long as they have come to a reasoned and rational decision based on the facts that were placed before them. And behaved in a way that the majority of their professional colleagues believe is reasonable in the circumstances. It is, of course, central to these considerations, that all actions are carefully and fully recorded in the patients notes Prescribing decisions 5.a critical discussion of influences on prescribing decisions. The area of prescribing for Mr Pickles is clearly important. To some extent, we have covered the reasoning behind the change of prescription earlier in this essay. There is a common misconception amongst many members of the public (and indeed many of the less experienced healthcare professionals) that the solution to every problem comes in the form of tablets on a prescription. The whole area of patient empowerment and education is often filled with issues of lifestyle change, healthy living, self care and positive thinking which can frequently be more effective that simply giving the patient a prescription. (Boule NG et al. 2001) In the context of the NHS, it is a common observation that sometimes a prescription is given because it is the most expedient short-term measure in a given situation, (Dawes RM et al. 1974), however, time invested in an explanation to a patient as to why other measures might be equally as important is rarely time wasted., (Corrigan B. 1974) Future management 6.consider your future prescribing activity based on experience gained from this case study. In any professional area of activity, the author likes to use the mechanism of reflective practice to allow a critical assessment of a past course of action to modify future actions when faced with a similar situation. (Gibbs, G 1988) On careful reflection of this case, I believe that I may have acted rather rashly in stopping the Atenolol as a first choice. On reflection, I believe that the Atenolol did need to be changed for any one of a number of other anti-hypertensive agents but I feel that, in retrospect, I would have been wiser to take advice from the surgical team before I made that decision. Further reflection and discussion with other healthcare professionals (Marks-Moran Rose 1996), suggested that another appropriate course of action would have been to stop the antihypertensive medication altogether for a short period. This is on the grounds that his hypertension was not severe and was hitherto well controlled. If the erectile dysfunction was simply a reflection of the fact that the medication was holding his blood pressure down to a level where erection could not easily occur, a few days off the medication may allow a transient increase in his blood pressure to the point that erection could occur. As long as one was careful to monitor his blood pressure to ensure that it did not rise too far, I have been advised that this would represent a reasonable therapeutic trial to establish whether the underlying causes were mainly physical or physiological.(Wagner G et al 1998). On the face of it, this does seem reasonable but I believe that I would have to take further advice before I was fully comfortable with that decision. It follows from what has already been discussed, that I also feel that I may have been too quick to consider the pharmacological interventions before making a complete holistic assessment of the patient. There are clearly a number of lifestyle adjustments that may be relevant here such as weight loss and increasing exercise and looking for a new focus in life (to minimise any element of depression) which would be comparatively easy to achieve with appropriate empowerment and education of the patient. (Funnell R et al 2004) All in all, this is not a straight forward case. There are many elements which require careful and considered assessment. I believe that it is one of those cases that helps to point out that although there is a huge emphasis to be placed on modern scientific understanding and application of medical principles, there is also a very large element of human understanding and caring that is so very important to the successful management of patients such as Mr Pickles (Waterlow J. 1998) References Ackerman MD, Carey MP. 1995 Psychologys role in the assessment of erectile dysfunction: historical precedents, current knowledge and methods. J Consult Clin Psychol 1995; 63: 862-87 Barnes, Darryl E. 2004 Action Plan for Diabetes Copyright 2004 ISBN: 0736054596 Pub. Human Kinetics Illinois USA Beck J. 1995 Hypoactive sexual desire disorder: an overview. J Consult Clin Psychol 1995; 63: 915-927. Boule NG, Haddad E, Kenny GP, et al. 2001 Effects of exercise on glycemic control and body mass in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. JAMA 2001;286:1218-27 Bowering (2001) Diabetic foot ulcers. Pathophysiology, assessment, and therapy. Can Fam Physician. 2001 May;47:1007-16. Dawes RM, Corrigan B. 1974 Linear models in decision making. Psychol Bull 1974;81:95-106. Funnell, and Robert M. Anderson, (2004) Empowerment and Self-Management of Diabetes Clinical Diabetes 22:123-127, 2004 Gibbs, G (1988) Learning by doing: A guide to Teaching and Learning methods EMU Oxford Brookes University, Oxford. 1988 Gregg, R. B. Gerzoff, C. J. Caspersen, D. F. Williamson, and K. M. V. Narayan (2003) Relationship of Walking to Mortality Among US Adults With Diabetes Archives of Internal Medicine, June 23, 2003; 163(12): 1440 1447. Gregoire 1999 ABC of sexual health: Assessing and managing male sexual problems BMJ, January 30, 1999; 318(7179): 315 317. Howe and Anderson 2003 Involving patients in medical education BMJ, Aug 2003; 327: 326 328. Hughes RAC. 2002 Regular review: Peripheral neuropathy BMJ, Feb 2002; 324: 466 469. Kissebah AH, Freedman DS, Peiris AN. 1999 Health risks of obesity. Med Clin North Am 1999; 73: 111-138 Marks-Moran Rose 1996 Reconstructing Nursing: Beyond Art and Science London: Balliere Tindall October, 1996 Nathan D. (1998) Some answers, more controversy, from UKPDS. Lancet 1998; 352: 832-833. Parker and Lawton 2003 Psychological contribution to the understanding of adverse events in health care Qual. Saf. Health Care, Dec 2003; 12: 453 457. Wagner G, Seanz de Tejada I. 1998 Update on male erectile dysfunction. BMJ 1998; 316: 678-682 Waterlow J. (1998) Prevention is better than cure. Nurs Times 1988; 84: 69-70 Appendix

Deforestation In The Amazon Rainforest

In this coursework I will be investigating deforestation and stating my opinion on whether I think it should continue or not in the Amazon Rainforest In doing so I will identify the various different values and attitudes. In this assignment I will include maps as well as diagrams, graphs, charts. The Earth is a constant changing system; a serious type of change that is being contributed by man, is deforestation. Deforestation is the clearing out of forests so that they can cultivated and used for other purposes. Due to this particular method of cultivating land it has resulted with vast areas of the Amazon rainforest being totally destroyed far beyond repair. Because of this scientists fear that many natural medicinal plants and vegetation may be lost permanently. Deforestation In The Amazon Rainforest Deforestation robs the world of countless species, destroying crucial Biodiversity and losing species with potential uses in medicine, agriculture and industry. Biodiversity is important because it contributes to resiliency in my opinion and should take precedence. The main worry for environmentalists such as my self is that many species are being lost as their habitats are being destroyed. In a rainforest, certain small areas are individual, specific habitats themselves. This means that if one small area of the rainforest is cleared, it could mean that a whole series of species are wiped out. The clearing of trees causes the roots anchoring the soil in the land to be destroyed, the removal of leaves and branches that intercept eight out of every ten raindrops lead to soil erosion. These devastating effects cause the land to become inhospitable and lead to the further cutting down of trees to provide new agricultural land. Nearly 40 percent of all the tropical rainforest left in the world is in the Brazilian Amazon. Brazil, the largest country in South America, has perhaps the best opportunity remaining to save large tracks of tropical rainforest. Although Brazil has lost approximately 58 percent of its frontier forests (large tracks of relatively undisturbed old growth forest), the country still has are over 772,200 square miles of frontier forest, among the largest amount of any country worldwide. Brazil is also home to a second, less famous rainforest, the Atlantic Rainforest. This strip of rainforest extends from the northeast coast down to the southern state of Parana. Formerly covering more than 386, 100 square miles, only 5 percent of the original Atlantic Rainforest remains. Many species that live here, including river otters, jaguars, and armadillos, are at high risk of extinction due to habitat loss caused by logging and agricultural clearing. The Amazon is one of the world's great rainforests and its river, is longer than any river but the Nile. The vast Amazon basin covers more than two and a half million square miles, more than any other rainforest but for how long will this be the case? The Amazon rainforest is located in South America, where its area takes up a quarter of the content. The forest is so large it spans nine countries French Guyana, Brazil, Suriname, Guyana, Venezuela, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. It has an extremely humid climate as do most rainforests due its equatorial location which means it rains frequently â€Å"The rain becomes trapped in canopy causing heat† Warm air caring water vapor will rise Warm air that falls here will become trapped in the canopy this will raise the temperature. The Amazon rainforest has many different species of plants and animals. For plant species there are between 5,000,000 and 30,000,000 (estimated). Only a little more than 30,000 have been classified and this represents 10% of all plants around the world. As for animal species there are about 324 mammals, and there are 2,500 to 3,000 species of fresh water fishes in the Amazon River. â€Å"Statistics in this paragraph were taken from: http://oz. plymouth. du/~lts/conservation/Ecosystems/amazon. html† Deforestation In The Amazon Rainforest The Correlation between Deforestation And Soil Erosion: Once trees are felled there are no leaves to protect the soil beneath, from heavy rainfall also there are no roots to hold the saturated soil in place. When this occurs it makes it extremely easy for soil to be washed or blown away. Then the area of land becomes useless because you can't build on it because foundations won't be stable enough and you can't cultivate it â€Å"grow crops† because nutrients such as silt etc have been washed/blown away. Nobody benefits. Soil Loss In Tones Per Hectare Per Year. : Bare Soil : Pasture : Crop Land : Rain/Forest As you can see when a area of land is bare the soil erosion is at its highest and when it's left alone as Rain/Forest it's at its lowest the activity of deforestation obviously affects the rain forest but soil erosion is a perfect example of a more subtle affect, it not only damages the rainforest directly but also damages cultivating potential for the area and any future plans you may have for the site e. g. building etc Deforestation occurs in many forms most of the clearing is done for agricultural purposes grazing, planting crops, cattle ranches etc. Poor farmers place pressure on the Brazilian government and local authorities to allow them to cut down small areas of Rainforest (typically a few acres) and burn the tree trunks in a process called slash and burn. Slash and burn is the traditional method used by the American Indianans of the rainforest and they all ways replace the areas they damage. Although this method is the most sustainaiable it's the most dangerous and one of the most abused. Desperate farmers will request an area of land to be cultivated and purposely let the fire grow beyond control so they will be able to claim a few acres extra, due to the fact the slash and burn method is never exact and the method is so finial. â€Å"Once it's done its done† the government feels they are powerless. Intensive or modern agriculture occurs on a far greater scale, sometimes deforesting several square miles at a time. Large cattle pastures often replace rainforest to grow beef and such like for the world market, mostly for fast the food industry. McDonald's etc. Commercial logging is another common form of deforestation, cutting trees for sale as timber or pulp. Logging can occur selectively-where only the economically valuable species of tree are cut, or by clearcutting, where all the trees are cut. Commercial logging uses heavy machinery, such as bulldozers, road graders, and log skidders, to remove cut trees and build roads, which is just as damaging to the rainforest overall as the chainsaws are to the individual trees. Deforestation In The Amazon Rainforest Deforestation by peasant farmers is often done to raise crops for self-subsistence, and is driven by the basic human need for food. Most tropical countries are very poor by U. S. standards, and farming is a basic way of life for a large part of the population. In Brazil, for example, the average annual earnings per person is U. S. $5400, compared to $26,980 per person in the United State The causes of deforestation are very complex. A competitive global economy drives the need for money in economically challenged tropical countries such as Brazil. Governments sell logging concessions to raise money for other vitial projects such as hospitials and schooling, to pay international debt, or to develop a more advanced industry infer structure. For example, Brazil had an international debt of $159 billion in 1995, on which it must make regular payments each year. The logging companies seek to exploit the rainforest and make a profit from the sales of pulp and valuable hardwoods such as mahogany. Brazil hasn't got much to offer the world in material goods other than what resources it has in its Rainforest so their government feels that if they don't continue to allow this clear and obvious exploitation of the rainforest they will fall behind in their payments and be unable to support their expanding population. I would describe Brazil as a middle income developing country I would place it in the same bracket as Mexico and Malaysia Its â€Å"GNP US $ PER CAPITA† is 3020 and it has a high infant mortality rate 57. One can only assume that a government would want to change these statistics and the easiest and quickest way for the brazilin government to get there hands on the money to do this is through the rainforest. Some other effects of deforestation are less rainfall so the cleared land becomes much drier possibly even a desert. More CO2 in the air this increases the greenhouse gasses causing global warming and climate change. Industry and power stations that have been built give off more C02 fewer trees to produce oxygen and absorb CO2. Fewer trees means less transpiration and this mean less water vapor in the air less water vapor in the air means less condensation overall. Many birds, insects, and animals rely upon the rainforest as a food source and for shelter. After deforestation they will either die or be forced to move away from there natural habitat when animals move some where else it will put a strain on other food chains and may even cause a mass extension. When the Rainforest is cleared peoples that lived there before are forced to leave and mix with the mainstream population this has had dire effects on them because when they mix with people outside the rainforest they develop illnesses that they had no immunity from there immune systems can't cope with western illnesses â€Å"measles, influenza† Those who are brave enough to stick out and stay are soon driven out from their homes by the construction of roads mines and reservoirs. Many people who tri to resist developers are killed by developers. Trees absorb a tremendous amount of water if there are no trees the water will sink into the soil and change it to mud If it continues to rain many surrounding crops will be ruined because of flooding Humus Cycle In Area of Tropical Rainforest Rich Tree Growth Numerous Fallen Leaves Leaves Decay To for Humus Nutrients Added To Soil Humus Cycle In Area of Forest That's Been Cleared Poor Quality Vegetation Fewer Trees And Leaves Less Humus Fewer Nutrients Added To Soil Less fertile Deforestation In The Amazon Rainforest People Living In Urban Areas In Brazil % In This Graph you can see that the number of people choosing to live in urban areas is increasing dramatically this is one of the reasons the Brazilian government continues to clear vast areas of rainforest. The cleared areas can be turned into residential areas to house more and more people. Statistics for this graph were taken from the Key Geography book Cleared Natural Forest In Order To Build Roads For Mining Access In This graph you can see that Brazil has by far the highest clearance for mining access. This is because the Brazilian government export masses of mined goods found in and around the rainforest such as gold, sliver, and iron ore. Statistics for this graph were taken fromWWW. GREENPEACE. COM Deforestation in the Amazon Rainforest Groups of people that support deforestation in the Amazon rainforest are the Logging and mining companies as well as the various governments. Multinational companies support deforestation because they are supplying for demand and a huge market, if people want mahogany furniture and rare gems/metals then they'll go and clear entire forests in order to give it to them and make a huge profit in the process. These companies see developing countries as an easy target they can clear huge areas of forest and pay them a fraction of what they should do the ironic thing is they no they'll be grateful for the money because they can barley support there expanding populations. As an outsider you would see these actions as inhuman and immoral but they do help the countries where deforestation is taking place a great deal. Many of these countries have nothing to offer other that holiday destinations so the only thing they can sell sad as it may seem is there heritage and Rainforest. When land has been cultivated through logging and mining the money will go to the government who will spend the money on its population in the form of a better education or hospitals and roads so the peoples of these countries are benefiting slightly but some people may say that its not worth it in the long term if they keep on then sooner or later there will no rainforests at all then the big companies will leave them with nothing. Places where there is a growing population in urban areas such as Brazil find them selves allowing big companies to destroy their rainforest in order for them to afford to destroy it them selves in processing large rainforest areas into residents for people to live in. Any one would love to earn something for nothing and that's exactly how these companies view it they get these valuable materials for next too nothing and sell them on for extortionate prices. They see them selves as aiding the developing countries and in a way they are but what they are actually doing is feeding them with one hand and killing them with the other. There are many groups of people that do not support deforestation in the Amazon rainforest such as the natives that lived in the rainforest; they see developers not as savors and job makers but as ruthless exploiters that kill vast amounts of animals and wild life with no remorse. Other reasons both the natives and local people are so against the clearing of the rainforest are they don't actually see any benefits in return the government often waste money on city expansion, national defense ,and economic aid which comes as a surprise since they can hardly feed them selves let alone any one else. When forest clearing was first introduced the main reason was to help them get out of debt but people who don't agree with deforestation will say they never been in so much debt they were better of living in small villages before at least then they could feed themselves and lived a less complicated life. The amount of land with trees on it shrinks each year. It gets harder and harder to meet local and global demands for wood and is extremely stressful and for what? Some people have proposed that the solution to tropical deforestation is to set aside vast areas as parks and reserves. This may buy enough time to give local governments a chance to address the underlying causes of deforestation-poverty, growing populations, and misguided policies. And many people feel that setting aside tropical reserves will ensure that unused areas will continue to exist. They point out that many species can't survive in managed (human-used) forests. Local people may say that the rainforest is one of the main reasons people come to visit them without that then they will lose a lot of revenue gained through tourists. People have not dwelt in large numbers throughout the tropical rain forests, but small groups of people live throughout the region. They constantly move around and clear small areas and plant crops. When they reach an area they want to use, they chop down trees and burn them in order to create a clear area. They then plant seeds in the ashes–but after a few years the soil nutrients become used up and it is no longer good for gardening, so they move somewhere else and start the process all over again. This process is called slash-and-burn cultivation, which can support a small population but will not work with larger ones. Deforestation in the Amazon rainforest In this assignment I will be investigating Deforestation in the Amazon rainforest. I have been given a hypothesis, which I have to agree or disagree with the statement by using the sources and from my own research. The hypothesis I have been given is ‘Deforestation of the Amazon rainforest is a major global environmental issue that only the Brazilian government can solve'. The whole issue is about deforestation, Deforestation is the felling and clearance of the forest land. It began in the Mediterranean lands many centuries ago. Today is mainly taking place in the less economically developed countries that have the tropical rainforests as their natural vegetation. The Amazon rainforest in Brazil is one of the largest rainforest in the world, it contains 50% of the world's animal population and it produces one third of the world's oxygen. Pharmatical Company's across the world use plants from the forest to produce life saving medicines for the people of the world. How and why is the rainforest being cleared ? There are many reasons to why the rainforest is being cleared. One of them is that the Brazilian government has allowed deforestation to take place in the Amazon rainforest is because they are in debt. They have let the Multinational companies deforest the rainforest so that they can raise money to pay off their debt owed to the banks in the MEDC countries. These developments are taking place now in the Amazon rainforest e.g. Commercial logging, cattle ranches, raw materials, mining and e.t.c. when these development takes place large areas of the rainforest has to be cleared out. From my research I found out that only 5% of the forest trees are actually wanted by the loggers but to get those trees they have to damage or destroy 65% of the remaining ones. What groups benefit from deforestation in the Amazon rainforest ? They are many people and groups that benefit from deforestation in the Amazon rainforest. Mostly the MNC's, they have cleared large areas for cattle ranching. They have burnt down trees and replaced it with grass. Then the beef which is produced from the cattle ranches is gone to Europe and US to be made into burgers. The MNC's are also involved in logging, which has been permitted only in 13 designated areas. Source E supports my point, it says that â€Å"The USA is the main importer of Brazilian mahogany†. The multinational companies pay tax for every area they felled but they benefit from it because the money goes back to the banks in MEDC countries to pay off their debts. The external debt of Brazil's is getting lower by letting people and companies fell the trees in the rainforest as you can see in Source G shows a graph of the external debt of Brazil, which shows at the beginning the debt was low and then in the middle it got higher and now its getting lower. This source is consistent with Source J because it tells how the external debt got higher. In the Amazon rainforest large areas are being cleared to make hydro electric PowerStation because it rains a lot in the rainforest so there is unlimited water supply. The HEP stations provide cheap and plentiful energy for transport, domestic use and industry. The mining companies also benefit from it because there are huge deposits of iron ore, copper, gold, bauxite and other minerals in the rainforests. So these companies have felled the trees to build roads through the forest to reach these deposits. What are the negative consequences of deforestation ? Deforestation has many negative consequences globally and locally. The Amazon rainforest in Brazil is responsible for producing one third of the world's oxygen. Many trees have been felled, which has increased global warming because carbon dioxide is getting higher. Because of the increase of carbon dioxide it has started to destroy the ozone layer, which then lets the harmful rays from the sun reach earth. As you can see source O States how carbon dioxide goes into air and also source P which also shows that America is the largest polluter. Source R also shows us that if there were no trees there won't be any oxygen, it also shows in the picture the clouds representing pollution. The other consequences are loss of wildlife where birds and insects rely on trees for food and shelter. There is a loss in medicine. It has also killed 96% of the Indians living in the rainforest because of the arrival of the Europeans. Those remaining have been driven from their homes by the constructions of roads, mines, reservoirs, cattle ranches and also forced to live in reservations. Source A talks about the Indians who are dying as development takes place. Their life styles are changing. The felling of the trees has also led to soil erosion by the rain in the rainforest. It rains every half and hour and is led to frequent flooding because there are no trees. All the rich soil which has the humus in it is flowed away by the flooding. After the rain there is a lot of heat given by the sun which bakes the poor soil, which then the areas of the forest which don't have trees turn into deserts. As it is also stated in source F in the second paragraph that the â€Å"Scientific studies have repeatedly shown that the Amazon soil is not suitable for agriculture and cattle ranching†. The hardwood is also becoming endangered. Source E also shows that the MNC's buy raw material like mahogany which they know come in illegal areas which they turn the blind eye on purpose. This source also talks about slavery which existed in the rainforest, which was abolished in 1888. People went to complain to the police about this but the police were corrupt and bribed and were useless. Government Actions The government is facing great problems now like the debts its facing which is getting higher everyday because of its interests. Brazil is trapped in the cycle of poverty. The government is also involved in causing more global warming and itself has done some deforestation in the rainforest. The other actions the government took was when the cities in the south east were very overcrowded and they reduce this problem by giving these people land in the middle of the rainforest where there wasn't a good infrastructure. The government has protected National Parks as it says in source C that the government has protected the rare areas of outstanding natural beauty to preserve and protect the future as these cannot be produced again. There are many companies who take advantage of Brazil's cheap resources. The Brazilian government has employed people from the favelas to work for these companies so the profit does not go straight out of the companies. Evaluation of the sources used ! Source A is against development and it's quite recent. It says it's a Brazilian newspaper but we don't know which one, we don't know how many Amerindians there were in the beginning. It's incomplete and it also tells us that the Multinational Companies (MNC's) and the government are working together to move the people to the Amazon. Source C is about what is the government doing? This source is sustainable but it is inconsistence and has exaggerated the facts like when it says in the third paragraph â€Å"From 2001 to April 2002, it transferred 20 million hectares.† When the source was adapted from a Brazilian newspaper which we don't know in March 2002. This shows that the dates were exaggerated because April 2002 had not come yet. Source E is against development and is reliable because it's a broad sheet which is more reliable than tabloid. There are other reasons why is reliable that is it there has been an interview with the MNC's, it's got facts, its quite recent, it has got dates and it tells us the true corruption. Source F is against development. Although the first paragraph is reliable because of the via satellite which does not lie but the second paragraph we don't know which scientific studies. Although this source is from the charity which most of the time charities exaggerate so that they get money and get known. But this source is reliable because they have done space research. Source G is for development because it's showing that by letting the MNC's deforest the rainforest their debt is getting lower. It is also reliable because it's consistent with source J and we also know the newspaper. Source J is for development. The headline is exaggerated. It is very reliable because it's consistent with source G but only the date is old. Source O is against development and it's reliable because the source is adapted from the UN. This source is 5 years old. Source P is against development and it's reliable because the source is from the UN. This source tells us that America is the largest polluter. This source is also 5 years old. Source R is against development. This source could be bias. This source shows us that the trees which provide oxygen are not there now, the clouds shows pollution and the person is getting bigger. Conclusion In my conclusion I agree with the hypothesis that only the Brazilian government can solve deforestation in the Amazon rainforest because they have started it and they are the one who can end it. One way they can make money without damaging or destroying the rainforest is by increasing their export so that their trade becomes surplus, that means that they export more than they import and by doing this they will get more money. There are two conflicts of interest in the rainforest. One is the groups that want to use the rainforest to make money. The other group of people wants to protect the rainforest and leave it as it is. In the middle are the people who live there. These people living in the forest want to preserve and use the resources from the forest to improve their standard of living. The solution to this is to manage the rainforest sustainable which is using the resources carefully like when cutting down the trees needed you shouldn't destroy the surroundings with it. The Brazilian government can also charge more tax for every area the MNC's deforest and also make them plant 3 more trees in that area.